| “Dennis the Peasant: Listen. Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government. Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses, not from some farcical aquatic ceremony. Arthur: Be quiet! Dennis: You can't expect to wield supreme power just 'cause some watery tart threw a sword at you!” ― Graham Chapman, Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Book) Chapter 17 : The Holy Mushroom Crusades and Inquisition The sovereignty of England was never any such thing, and neither was that of France or Spain. England had no law except for the common law which was never enshrined. Common law was just the customary traditions of justice and civility among ancient people or the religion of the people. It was the customary rules that governed the tribal and family lives of various clans living in shared territories. But the Roman Civil Law was completely different, overly governing and completely authoritarian. Del Mar explains the situation as always being under papal authority: “There was no national law of England previous to the fourteenth century. The law of England was the law of Rome, and to admit this is what some jurisconsults indulge, what is now a mere false pride in avoiding. Until the fourteenth century there were no acts of an English legislature; there was no such legislature. There were no general or national laws; there was no independent sovereignty. There were no mint-acts; the coinage was subject to the empire. The written law of England consisted of ten centuries of Roman jurisprudence, piled on top of a barbarian Code of Retts, which had become so attenuated that only the faintest traces of it remained. That such was also the case at the same period both in France and Spain is a fact that furnishes strong corroborative testimony to the soundness of this opinion.” (1) From the time prior to the unification of England in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon tribal chiefs and rulers had accepted papal authority and despite what historians have to say about England’s “sovereignty,” she was never truly sovereign. The Roman Catholic Church has always been the master over England since early Roman times, at least going back to the 1st century AD. England fell under Rome’s judicial control no later than the 6th century AD, when, in 597, Gregory the Great established a link to the kingdom of Kent through his Benedictine Roman missionary Augustine of Canterbury. Since this time, England has lent its support to Rome by paying tribute, furnishing military aid or otherwise. (2) Evidence that King John was a vassal of the Pope comes in the form of a Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registries relating to Great Britain and Ireland published in 1893 by Mr. W.H. Bliss. In the years 1201-2, numerous mandates are listed in which the Norman and Plantagenet kings of England were mentioned. In a “Letter from Otto,” the emperor Elect of the Romans wrote to the Pope informing him that the king of England (John) is bound to give help to the emperor against all enemies and to make peace with France, as he himself is bound, by order of the Pope. (3) |
In Northumbria (Anglian kingdom in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland), King Edwin had called a council to deal with the new doctrine and worship in the land (Christianity). Coifi was a priest in the temple at Goodmanham, in 627 AD, when this council was held. After some discussion Coifi was heard to say: “I have long since been sensible that there was nothing in that which we worshipped, because the more diligently I sought after truth in that worship, the less I found it. But now I freely confess that such evident truth appears in this preaching as can confer on us the gifts of life, of salvation, and of eternal happiness. For which reason I advise, O king, that we instantly abjure and set fire to those temples and altars which we have consecrated without reaping any benefits from them.” And this started the practice of destruction of the goddess temples in early Britain. Bordering localities would fall to Christianity in the following years. (4) In 927, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by Æthelstan (r. 927–939), the son of King Edward the Elder and his wife Ecgwynn. In 1066, William the Conqueror led an army of Bretons, French, Norman, and Flemish soldiers into England and took over, and moved the Anglo-Saxon royal residence from Winchester to Westminster, establishing “the City of London,” the largest commercial center in the world and the hub of the world banking empire. The Holy Roman Empire From Wiki, we learn about The Electoral College: “The Electoral College of the Holy Roman Empire was the gathering of prince electors for an imperial election, where they voted for the next King of the Romans and future Emperor.” (5) According to Peter Hamish Wilson, in The Holy Roman Empire: “In particular, the Habsburgs kept the longest possession of the title.” … “The title was, almost without interruption, held in conjunction with the rule of the Kingdom of Germany.” (6) (1) Middle Ages Revisited, p. 357-58 (2) ibid, p. 271-72 (3) ibid, p. 347 (4) Serpent and the Goddess, p. 24 (5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_ (Holy_Roman_Empire; http://www.holyromanempireassociation.com/ prince-elector-of-the-holy-roman-empire.html (6) Peter Hamish Wilson, The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806, MacMillan Press 1999, London, page 2 |